STP WATER TREATMENT
An STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) is a facility designed to treat wastewater, mainly from domestic and commercial sources, to remove harmful substances before releasing it back into the environment or reusing it for non-potable purposes. It plays a critical role in preventing pollution, conserving water, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
Additionally, STPs help organizations and municipalities comply with environmental regulations, avoiding legal penalties and supporting sustainable development goals. The system also aids in improving public health and sanitation by reducing exposure to disease-causing pathogens found in untreated sewage. Furthermore, the by-product sludge can be treated and repurposed for energy generation or as fertilizer, adding value and promoting resource recovery. Overall, an STP is a critical investment in sustainability, hygiene, and responsible water management.
Key Stages of Treatment in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Preliminary Treatment
This is the first line of defense, where large and visible waste materials like plastics, rags, sticks, and grit are removed.Primary Treatment
In this phase, wastewater flows into settling tanks where heavy solids settle down as sludge, and lighter materials like oil and grease float to the surface and are skimmed off.Secondary Treatment
The partially treated water is then subjected to biological treatment, usually through processes like the activated sludge method. In this stage, microorganisms break down dissolved organic matter in an aeration tank.Tertiary Treatment
This advanced stage is used when higher water quality is required. Techniques like UV disinfection, chlorination, sand filtration, or membrane technologies are applied to remove remaining nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus), pathogen.
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